Why Are They Called the Terracotta Army?
The Terracotta Army is one of the most significant archaeological discoveries of the 20th century, captivating the world with its sheer scale and intricate detail. But have you ever wondered why they are called the "Terracotta Army"?
The Material: Terracotta
The term "Terracotta Army" directly relates to the material from which these figures are crafted: terracotta.
- Terracotta, meaning "baked earth" in Italian, is a type of ceramic clay.
- It is made by firing clay at high temperatures, which hardens it into a durable ceramic.
- The Terracotta Army figures were made using a local, readily available reddish-brown clay.
- After shaping and detailing each figure, they were fired in kilns, solidifying their form for millennia.
The Army's Purpose and Composition
The choice of terracotta was practical and symbolic. While durable, terracotta was more economical than bronze for such a large-scale project. However, the significance of the Terracotta Army extends beyond the material:
- A Silent Army for the Afterlife: The figures represent a vast army, estimated at around 9,000 soldiers. They were intended to serve Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the afterlife, protecting him from enemies and ensuring his continued rule.
- Beyond Soldiers: The army's composition is incredibly diverse. In addition to soldiers, archaeologists have unearthed chariots, horses, cavalrymen, and even figures of entertainers and officials, reflecting the emperor's desire for a complete imperial court in the afterlife.
A Name That Reflects History
The term "Terracotta Army" aptly encapsulates the essence of this historical treasure:
- Material and Mass Production: The name accurately highlights the primary material used in creating these figures, emphasizing the sheer scale of production.
- Military Might and Legacy: The term "army" reflects the figures' intended purpose and the military might of Qin Shi Huang, who unified China and established the first dynasty.
FAQs
1. When was the Terracotta Army discovered?
The Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 by farmers digging a well near Xi'an, China.
2. Why is the Terracotta Army so famous?
The Terracotta Army is renowned for its massive scale, the intricate details of each figure, and its significance in understanding ancient Chinese history, military practices, and beliefs about the afterlife.
3. Is it true that each Terracotta Warrior has a unique face?
While not entirely unique, the faces of the Terracotta Warriors exhibit a remarkable degree of variation in facial features, hairstyles, and expressions, suggesting an attempt to portray individual soldiers.